Gynecology and Obstetrics
USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Obstetrics/Gynecology
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Table of contents :
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 9
Editor......Page 10
Feedback Page......Page 12
Part I: Obstetrics......Page 13
Chapter 1: Reproductive Basics......Page 15
Placental Hormones......Page 17
Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy......Page 24
Physiology of Lactation......Page 35
Embryology and Fetology......Page 39
Perinatal Statistics and Terminology......Page 54
Genetic Disorders......Page 57
Chapter 2: Failed Pregnancy......Page 76
Induced Abortion......Page 78
Early Pregnancy Bleeding......Page 82
Fetal Demise......Page 86
Ectopic Pregnancy......Page 89
Chapter 3: Obstetric Procedures......Page 95
Obstetrical Ultrasound......Page 97
Invasive Procedures......Page 106
Prenatal Diagnostic Testing......Page 111
Chapter 4: Prenatal Management of the Normal Pregnancy......Page 112
Diagnosing Pregnancy......Page 114
Establishing Gestational Age......Page 115
Identifying Prenatal Risk Factors......Page 120
Normal Pregnancy Events......Page 121
Normal Pregnancy Complaints......Page 124
Safe and Unsafe Immunizations......Page 127
Chapter 5: Prenatal Laboratory Testing......Page 129
First Trimester Laboratory Tests......Page 131
Second Trimester Laboratory Tests......Page 140
Third-Trimester Laboratory Tests......Page 145
Chapter 6: Late Pregnancy Bleeding......Page 150
Late Pregnancy Bleeding......Page 152
Chapter 7: Perinatal Infections......Page 169
Nonsexually Transmitted......Page 172
Sexually Transmitted......Page 189
Chapter 8: Obstetric Complications......Page 204
Cervical Insufficiency......Page 206
Multiple Gestation......Page 209
Alloimmunization......Page 216
Preterm Labor......Page 222
Premature Rupture of Membranes......Page 235
Post-term Pregnancy......Page 240
Chapter 9: Hypertensive Complications......Page 245
Hypertension in Pregnancy......Page 247
Gestational Hypertension......Page 248
Preeclampsia......Page 250
Preeclampsia with Severe Features......Page 254
Eclampsia......Page 260
Chronic Hypertension with or without Superimposed Preeclampsia......Page 262
HELLP Syndrome......Page 268
Chapter 10: Medical Complications in Pregnancy......Page 270
Cardiac Disease......Page 273
Thyroid Disease......Page 280
Seizure Disorders......Page 287
Diabetes......Page 289
Anemia......Page 299
Liver Disease......Page 306
Urinary Tract Infections......Page 310
Thrombophilias......Page 317
Antiphospholipid Syndrome......Page 321
Chapter 11: Disproportionate Fetal Growth......Page 327
Intrauterine Growth Restriction......Page 330
Macrosomia......Page 336
Chapter 12: Antepartum Fetal Testing......Page 337
Overview......Page 340
Nonstress Test......Page 341
Amniotic Fluid Assessment......Page 343
Biophysical Profile (BPP)......Page 344
Contraction Stress Test......Page 347
Umbilical Artery Doppler......Page 349
Chapter 13: Fetal Orientation in Utero......Page 353
Orientation in Utero......Page 356
Chapter 14: Normal and Abnormal Labor......Page 365
Overview of Labor......Page 368
Stages of Labor......Page 370
Conduct of Normal Spontaneous Labor......Page 374
Abnormal Labor......Page 380
Obstetric Complications During Labor......Page 387
Chapter 15: Obstetric Anesthesia......Page 394
Physiology......Page 397
Anesthetic Options During Labor......Page 398
Chapter 16: Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring......Page 405
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring......Page 408
Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring......Page 412
Intrauterine Resuscitation......Page 423
Fetal pH Assessment......Page 424
Category III: Abnormal Tracings......Page 425
Chapter 17: Operative Obstetrics......Page 427
Operative Obstetrics......Page 430
Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC)......Page 441
External Cephalic Version......Page 442
Chapter 18: Postpartum Issues......Page 443
Postpartum Physiologic Issues......Page 446
Postpartum Contraception and Immunizations......Page 454
Postpartum Hemorrhage......Page 456
Postpartum Fever......Page 463
Part II: Gynecology......Page 470
Chapter 1: Basic Principles of Gynecology......Page 472
Female Reproductive Anatomy......Page 474
Gynecologic Procedures......Page 478
Chapter 2: Pelvic Relaxation......Page 496
Pelvic Organ Prolapse......Page 498
Vaginal Prolapse......Page 500
Urinary Incontinence......Page 503
Chapter 3: Disorders of the Vagina and Vulva......Page 515
Vaginal Discharge......Page 517
Vulvar Diseases......Page 527
Chapter 4: Disorders of the Cervix and Uterus......Page 533
Cervical Lesions......Page 535
Cervical Neoplasia......Page 539
Müllerian Anomalies......Page 554
Enlarged Uterus......Page 560
Endometrial Neoplasia......Page 567
Chapter 5: Disorders of the Ovaries and Oviducts......Page 572
Physiologic Enlargement......Page 574
Prepubertal Pelvic Mass......Page 582
Premenopausal Pelvic Mass......Page 585
Painful Adnexal Mass......Page 589
Postmenopausal Pelvic Mass......Page 591
Chapter 6: Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia......Page 604
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia......Page 606
Chapter 7: Sexually Transmitted Diseases......Page 613
Spectrum of Organisms......Page 615
STDs with Ulcers......Page 616
STDs without Ulcers......Page 622
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)......Page 627
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)......Page 628
Chapter 8: Pelvic Pain......Page 629
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease......Page 631
Primary Dysmenorrhea......Page 642
Secondary Dysmenorrhea......Page 646
Chapter 9: Fertility Control......Page 652
Fertility Control......Page 654
Barrier-Spermicidal Methods......Page 655
Steroid Contraception......Page 657
Intrauterine Contraception......Page 664
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception......Page 667
Natural Family Planning—Periodic Abstinence......Page 668
Coitus Interruptus......Page 669
Vaginal Douche......Page 670
Lactation......Page 671
Sterilization......Page 672
Chapter 10: Human Sexuality......Page 674
Human Sexual Response Cycle......Page 677
Sexual History-Taking......Page 682
Sexual Dysfunction......Page 683
Sexual Assault......Page 684
Chapter 11: Menstrual Abnormalities......Page 686
Menstrual Physiology......Page 689
Premenarchal Vaginal Bleeding......Page 697
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding......Page 699
Primary Amenorrhea......Page 706
Secondary Amenorrhea......Page 716
Chapter 12: Hormonal Disorders......Page 721
Precocious Puberty......Page 724
Premenstrual Disorders......Page 731
Hirsutism......Page 736
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome......Page 746
Infertility......Page 749
Menopause......Page 755
Chapter 13: The Female Breast......Page 766
Normal Breast Development......Page 769
Benign Breast Disorders......Page 778
Breast Cancer......Page 787
