Guidelines
Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines & Policies 2018
Table of contents :
Table of Contents......Page 6
Section 1: Clinical Practice Guidelines From the American Academy of Pediatrics......Page 20
Foreword......Page 22
ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents......Page 24
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 42
Brief Resolved Unexplained Events......Page 66
Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent Life-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Lower-Risk Infants......Page 68
Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent Life-Threatening Events) and Evaluation of Lower-Risk Infants: Executive Summary......Page 100
Brief Resolved Unexplained Events Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 104
Bronchiolitis......Page 108
Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis......Page 110
Bronchiolitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 140
Diabetes......Page 144
Management of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Children and Adolescents......Page 146
Diabetes Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 166
Dysplasia of the Hip......Page 170
Clinical Practice Guideline: Early Detection of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip......Page 172
Dysplasia of the Hip Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 182
Febrile Seizures......Page 186
Febrile Seizures: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Long-term Management of the Child With Simple Febrile Seizures......Page 188
Clinical Practice Guideline—Febrile Seizures: Guideline for the Neurodiagnostic Evaluation of the Child With a Simple Febrile Seizure......Page 196
Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents......Page 206
High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 280
Hyperbilirubinemia......Page 284
Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation......Page 286
Hyperbilirubinemia Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 308
Otitis Media......Page 312
The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media......Page 314
Otitis Media With Effusion......Page 350
Otitis Media Clinical Practice Guidelines Quick Reference Tools......Page 370
Sinusitis......Page 380
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children Aged 1 to 18 Years......Page 382
Sinusitis Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 402
Sleep Apnea......Page 406
Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome......Page 408
Sleep Apnea Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 418
Urinary Tract Infection......Page 422
Reaffirmation of AAP Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis and Management of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children 2–24 Monthsof Age......Page 424
Urinary Tract Infection: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of the Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Children 2 to 24 Months......Page 430
Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Practice Guideline Quick Reference Tools......Page 446
Section 2: Endorsed Clinical Practice Guidelines......Page 450
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline......Page 452
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC): II. Treatment and Ongoing Management......Page 453
Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Guidelines From the American Heart Association......Page 454
Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children......Page 455
Evidence-based Guideline Update: Medical Treatment of Infantile Spasms......Page 456
Neuroimaging of the Neonate......Page 457
Diagnostic Assessment of the Child With Status Epilepticus (An Evidence-based Review)......Page 458
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update......Page 459
Report on the Management of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children......Page 461
Section 3: Affirmation of Value Clinical Practice Guidelines......Page 462
Care of Girls and Women With Turner Syndrome: A Guideline of the Turner Syndrome Study Group......Page 464
Section 4: 2017 Policies From the American Academy of Pediatrics......Page 466
Introduction......Page 468
2017 Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care......Page 470
Adolescent and Young Adult Tattooing, Piercing, and Scarification......Page 476
The Adolescent’s Right to Confidential Care When Considering Abortion......Page 494
Age Limit of Pediatrics......Page 508
The Breastfeeding-Friendly Pediatric Office Practice......Page 514
The Care of Children With Congenital Heart Disease in Their Primary Medical Home......Page 526
Care of the Adolescent After an Acute Sexual Assault......Page 538
The Child Witness in the Courtroom......Page 556
Clinical Considerations Related to the Behavioral Manifestations of Child Maltreatment......Page 568
Clinical Tools to Assess Asthma Control in Children......Page 584
Consent by Proxy for Nonurgent Pediatric Care......Page 596
Cord Blood Banking for Potential Future Transplantation......Page 608
Counseling Parents and Teens About Marijuana Use in the Era of Legalization of Marijuana......Page 620
Detention of Immigrant Children......Page 628
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in the United States......Page 644
Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Providing Options Counseling for the Adolescent Patient......Page 698
Disaster Preparedness in Neonatal Intensive Care Units......Page 710
Donor Human Milk for the High-Risk Infant: Preparation, Safety, and Usage Options in the United States......Page 724
Early Childhood Home Visiting......Page 732
Elimination of Perinatal Hepatitis B: Providing the First Vaccine Dose Within 24 Hours of Birth......Page 746
Epinephrine for First-aid Management of Anaphylaxis......Page 754
Expert Witness Participation in Civil and Criminal Proceedings......Page 766
Expert Witness Participation in Civil and Criminal Proceedings......Page 772
Financing of Pediatric Home Health Care......Page 788
Fruit Juice in Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Current Recommendations......Page 796
Global Human Trafficking and Child Victimization......Page 806
Guidance on Completing a Written Allergy and Anaphylaxis Emergency Plan......Page 820
Guidance on Forgoing Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment......Page 832
Guiding Principles for Team-Based Pediatric Care......Page 844
Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric Ambulatory Settings......Page 854
Infectious Diseases Associated With Organized Sports and Outbreak Control......Page 880
The Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Shifting the Focus to Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering......Page 906
The Need to Optimize Adolescent Immunization......Page 920
Needs of Kinship Care Families and Pediatric Practice......Page 938
A New Era in Quality Measurement: The Development and Application of Quality Measures......Page 950
Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse in Children and Adolescents......Page 964
Nonemergency Acute Care: When It’s Not the Medical Home......Page 980
Off-Label Use of Medical Devices in Children......Page 992
Options Counseling for the Pregnant Adolescent Patient......Page 998
Oral and Dental Aspects of Child Abuse and Neglect......Page 1006
Pain Assessment and Treatment in Children With Significant Impairment of the Central Nervous System......Page 1016
Pediatric Integrative Medicine......Page 1046
Practical Approaches to Optimize Adolescent Immunization......Page 1070
The Primary Care Pediatrician and the Care of Children With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate......Page 1086
Principles of Child Health Care Financing......Page 1102
Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes......Page 1112
A Public Health Response to Opioid Use in Pregnancy......Page 1128
Quality Early Education and Child Care From Birth to Kindergarten......Page 1138
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2017–2018......Page 1146
Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule—United States, 2018......Page 1168
Responsible Innovation in Children’s Surgical Care......Page 1172
Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Services in the Pediatric Setting......Page 1184
Shared Decision-Making and Children With Disabilities: Pathway to Consensus......Page 1200
Stigma Experienced by Children and Adolescents With Obesity......Page 1212
Section 5: Current Policies From the American Academy of Pediatrics......Page 1226
Addressing Early Childhood Emotional and Behavioral Problems (Technical Report)......Page 1228
Adolescents and HIV Infection: The Pediatrician’s Role in Promoting Routine Testing......Page 1229
All-Terrain Vehicle Injury Prevention: Two-, Three-, and Four-Wheeled Unlicensed Motor Vehicles......Page 1230
Application of the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale System to Pediatrics......Page 1231
Binge Drinking......Page 1232
The Breastfeeding-Friendly Pediatric Office Practice......Page 1233
Care of the Adolescent After an Acute Sexual Assault......Page 1234
Child Abuse, Confidentiality, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act......Page 1235
Child Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation: Health Care Needs of Victims......Page 1236
Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP): Accomplishments, Challenges, and Policy Recommendations......Page 1237
Climatic Heat Stress and Exercising Children and Adolescents......Page 1238
Cochlear Implants in Children: Surgical Site Infections and Prevention and Treatment of Acute Otitis Media and Meningitis......Page 1239
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Child With Intellectual Disability or Global Developmental Delays......Page 1240
A Consensus Statement on Health Care Transitions for Young Adults With Special Health Care Needs......Page 1241
Contraception for HIV-Infected Adolescents......Page 1242
Countering Vaccine Hesitancy......Page 1243
Definition of a Pediatrician......Page 1244
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in the United States......Page 1245
Diagnosis and Management of Infantile Hemangioma: Executive Summary......Page 1246
Disaster Planning for Schools......Page 1247
Donor Human Milk for the High-Risk Infant: Preparation, Safety, and Usage Options in the United States......Page 1248
Early Childhood Caries in Indigenous Communities......Page 1249
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems......Page 1250
Emergency Contraception......Page 1251
Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Health Care– Associated Infections in the NICU......Page 1252
Essential Contractual Language for Medical Necessity in Children......Page 1253
Evaluating for Suspected Child Abuse: Conditions That Predispose to Bleeding......Page 1254
Evaluation and Management of Children and Adolescents With Acute Mental Health or Behavioral Problems. Part I: Common Clinical Challenges of Patients With Mental Health and/or Behavioral Emergencies— Executive Summary......Page 1255
Evaluation and Management of the Infant Exposed to HIV-1 in the United States......Page 1256
Evaluation for Bleeding Disorders in Suspected Child Abuse......Page 1257
An Evidence-Based Review of Important Issues Concerning Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia......Page 1258
Families Affected by Parental Substance Use......Page 1259
Financing Graduate Medical Education to Meet the Needs of Children and the Future Pediatrician Workforce......Page 1260
Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects......Page 1261
Gastroesophageal Reflux: Management Guidance for the Pediatrician......Page 1262
Guidance for the Administration of Medication in School......Page 1263
Guidelines for Care of Children in the Emergency Department......Page 1264
Guidelines for the Determination of Brain Death in Infants and Children: An Update of the 1987 Task Force Recommendations......Page 1265
Handoffs: Transitions of Care for Children in the Emergency Department......Page 1266
Health Care of Youth Aging Out of Foster Care......Page 1267
Health Supervision for Children With Fragile X Syndrome......Page 1268
High-Deductible Health Plans......Page 1269
Hospital Discharge of the High-Risk Neonate......Page 1270
Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders......Page 1271
Immunization for Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in High-Risk Children......Page 1272
The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development and Maintaining Strong Parent-Child Bond: Focus on Children in Poverty......Page 1273
Increasing Immunization Coverage......Page 1274
Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric Ambulatory Settings......Page 1275
Injuries Associated With Infant Walkers......Page 1276
Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences......Page 1277
Lactose Intolerance in Infants, Children, and Adolescents......Page 1278
The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress......Page 1279
Male Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care......Page 1280
Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities......Page 1281
Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents......Page 1282
Media Education......Page 1283
Medical Countermeasures for Children in Public Health Emergencies, Disasters, or Terrorism......Page 1284
Menstrual Management for Adolescents With Disabilities......Page 1285
Motor Delays: Early Identification and Evaluation......Page 1286
Newborn Screening Expands: Recommendations for Pediatricians and Medical Homes—Implications for the System......Page 1287
Noninvasive Respiratory Support......Page 1288
Office-Based Counseling for Unintentional Injury Prevention......Page 1289
Oral and Dental Aspects of Child Abuse and Neglect......Page 1290
Out-of-Home Placement for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities......Page 1291
Oxygen Targeting in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants......Page 1292
Parent-Provider-Community Partnerships: Optimizing Outcomes for Children With Disabilities......Page 1293
Patient Safety in the Pediatric Emergency Care Setting......Page 1294
Pediatric Aspects of Inpatient Health Information Technology Systems......Page 1295
Pediatric Palliative Care and Hospice Care Commitments, Guidelines, and Recommendations......Page 1296
Pediatrician Workforce Policy Statement......Page 1297
The Pediatrician’s Role in the Evaluation and Preparation of Pediatric Patients Undergoing Anesthesia......Page 1298
Phototherapy to Prevent Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation......Page 1299
Point-of-Care Ultrasonography by Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians......Page 1300
Practical Approaches to Optimize Adolescent Immunization......Page 1301
Prescribing Assistive-Technology Systems: Focus on Children With Impaired Communication......Page 1302
Prevention of Childhood Lead Toxicity......Page 1303
The Primary Care Pediatrician and the Care of Children With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate......Page 1304
Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics......Page 1305
Promoting Optimal Development: Screening for Behavioral and Emotional Problems......Page 1306
Protecting Children From Sexual Abuse by Health Care Providers......Page 1307
Providing Psychosocial Support to Children and Families in the Aftermath of Disasters and Crises......Page 1308
Psychosocial Support for Youth Living With HIV......Page 1309
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Health and Health Care of Children......Page 1310
Recognition and Management of Medical Complexity......Page 1311
Reducing Injury Risk From Body Checking in Boys’ Youth Ice Hockey......Page 1312
Responding to Parental Refusals of Immunization of Children......Page 1313
Role of Pulse Oximetry in Examining Newborns for Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement from the AHA and AAP......Page 1314
Safe Sleep and Skin-to-Skin Care in the Neonatal Period for Healthy Term Newborns......Page 1315
School Transportation Safety......Page 1316
Screening for Retinopathy in the Pediatric Patient With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus......Page 1317
Sexuality Education for Children and Adolescents......Page 1318
SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment......Page 1319
Special Requirements of Electronic Health Record Systems in Pediatrics......Page 1320
Sports Specialization and Intensive Training in Young Athletes......Page 1321
Strength Training by Children and Adolescents......Page 1322
Supporting the Grieving Child and Family......Page 1323
Telemedicine: Pediatric Applications......Page 1324
The Transfer of Drugs and Therapeutics Into Human Breast Milk: An Update on Selected Topics......Page 1325
Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents (Technical Report)......Page 1326
Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis Among Infants and Young Children at Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection......Page 1327
Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants......Page 1328
Ventricular Fibrillation and the Use of Automated External Defibrillators on Children......Page 1329
Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts......Page 1330
Section 6: Endorsed Policies......Page 1332
Appropriate Use Criteria for Initial Transthoracic Echocardiography in Outpatient Pediatric Cardiology......Page 1334
Consensus Communication on Early Peanut Introduction and the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in High-risk Infants......Page 1335
Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners......Page 1336
Guidelines for Referral of Children and Adolescents to Pediatric Rheumatologists......Page 1337
National Adoption Center: Open Records......Page 1338
A Practical Guide for Primary Care Physicians: Instrument-Based Vision Screening in Children......Page 1339
Response to Cardiac Arrest and Selected Life- Threatening Medical Emergencies: The Medical Emergency Response Plan for Schools. A Statement for Healthcare Providers, Policymakers, School Administrators, and Community Leaders......Page 1340
Supplement to the JCIH 2007 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Intervention After Confirmation That a Child Is Deaf or Hard of Hearing......Page 1341
Weighing All Patients in Kilograms......Page 1342
Appendix 1: PPI: AAP Partnership for
Policy Implementation......Page 1344
Appendix 2: American Academy of Pediatrics Acronyms......Page 1346
Subject Index......Page 1350
